Level 7 Biology Page Listing (2010 Edition)

Key to Symbols

Existing material which has
been upgraded this edition.

A new activity for this edition.
ISBN: 978-1-877462-49-8
Pages: 368

The page listing for this workbook is provided below.
Page numbers refer to the first page of each activity.
Some activities consist of two or more pages.

Note to the Teacher & Acknowledgments iii

Getting The Most From This Resource 1

Explanation of Terms 2

Resources Information 3

Textbook Reference Grid 3

Assessment Schedules 4

Making www.biozone.co.nz Work For You 5

Part 1: ASKING QUESTIONS, FINDING ANSWERS

Concept Map for Part 1.6

Investigating Questions in Biology

Objectives and Key Concepts 7

Asking Questions in Field Science 8

Hypotheses and Predictions 9

Planning an Investigation 11

Experimental Method 13

Recording Results 15

Variables and Data 16

Manipulating Raw Data 17

Constructing Tables 18

Constructing Graphs 19

Drawing Bar Graphs 20

Drawing Histograms 21

Drawing Pie Graphs 22

Drawing Line Graphs 23

Interpreting Line Graphs 25

Drawing Kite Graphs 26

Descriptive Statistics 27

Interpreting Sample Variability 29

The Structure of a Report 31

Writing the Methods 32

Biological Drawings 33

Report Checklist 33

KEY TERMS Mix and Match 43

Field Studies

Objectives and Key Concepts 37

Spotlighting: A New Way to Sample 38

Designing Your Field Study 39

Sampling Populations 41

Quadrat Sampling 43

Quadrat-Based Estimates 44

Sampling a Leaf Litter Population 45

Transect Sampling 47

Mark and Recapture Sampling 49

Sampling Animal Populations 51

Indirect Sampling 52

KEY TERMS Word Find 53

Biodiversity and Classification

Objectives and Key Concepts 54

New Zealand’s Biodiversity 55

Global Biodiversity 57

The New Tree of Life 58

Features of Taxonomic Groups 59

Features of the Five Kingdoms 64

Features of Microbial Groups 65

Features of Macrofungi and Plants 66

Features of Animal Taxa 67

Classification System 69

Classification Keys 71

Keying Out Plant Species 73

KEY TERMS Crossword 74

Part 2: GENETICS AND THE CELL

Concept Map for Part 2. 75

Sources of Variation

Objectives and Key Concepts 76

The Appearance of a New Word 77

Alleles 78

Sources of Genetic Variation 79

Causes of Mutations 81

The Effects of Mutations 82

Meiosis 83

Crossing Over 84

Human Genotypes 85

Mendel’s Pea Plant Experiments 87

Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance 88

Monohybrid Cross 89

Test Cross 90

Dihybrid Cross 91

KEY TERMS Memory Card Game 93

Genes as Travellers

Objectives and Key Concepts 95

Darwin’s Theory 96

Gene Pools and Evolution 97

Gene Pool Exercise 99

Changes in a Gene Pool 101

Natural Selection 102

Selection for Human Birth Weight 103

The Founder Effect 104

Population Bottlenecks 105

Genetic Drift 106

Artificial Selection 107

KEY TERMS What am I? 109

Microscopic Life

Objectives and Key Concepts 111

The Cell Theory 112

Characteristics of Life 113

Types of Living Things 114

Types of Cells 115

Cell Sizes 116

Optical Microscopes 117

Electron Microscopes 119

Bacterial Cells 121

Plant Cells 122

Animal Cells 123

Unicellular Eukaryotes 124

Differentiation of Cells 125

Root Cell Development 126

Stem Cells 127

Human Cell Specialisation 128

Plant Cell Specialisation 129

Levels of Organisation 130

Animal Tissues 131

Plant Tissues 132

Interpreting Electron Micrographs 133

Identifying Cell Structures 134

KEY TERMS Memory Card Game 135

Nature's Smallest Machinery

Objectives and Key Concepts 137

How Do We Know? Membrane Structure 138

Cell Processes 139

Cell Structures and Organelles 140

The Structure of Membranes 143

The Role of Membranes in Cells 144

Active and Passive Transport 145

Diffusion 146

Osmosis in Cells 147

Ion Pumps 149

Endocytosis and Exocytosis 150

Limitations to Cell Size 151

Enzymes 153

Energy in Cells 155

The Role of ATP in Cells 156

Cellular Respiration 157

Photosynthesis 159

The Role of DNA in Cells 161

DNA Replication 162

Mitosis and the Cell Cycle 163

The Genetic Code 164

Translating the Code 165

KEY TERMS Mix and Match 167

Part 3: THE PROCESSES OF LIFE

Concept Map for Part 3. 169

Eating to Live

Objectives and Key Concepts 170

How Animals Feed 171

Food Vacuoles and Simple Guts 173

Teeth in Fish 174

Dentition in Mammals 175

Insect Mouthparts 177

Diversity in Tube Guts 179

Mammalian Guts 181

Systems for Digesting Food 183

Absorbing Nutrients 185

KEY TERMS What am I? 187

The Breath of Life

Objectives and Key Concepts 189

The Need for Gas Exchange 190

Gas Exchange in Fish 191

Gas Exchange in Birds 193

Gas Exchange in Insects 194

Gas Exchange in Mammals 195

Gas Transport in Mammals 197

KEY TERMS Mix and Match 198

Life Blood

Objectives and Key Concepts 199

Transport and Exchange Systems 200

Blood Vessels 201

Circulatory Fluids 203

Open Circulatory Systems 204

Closed Circulatory Systems 205

The Heart as a Pump 207

Respiratory Pigments 209

KEY TERMS Word Find 210

Waste Removal

Objectives and Key Concepts 211

Nitrogenous Wastes in Animals 212

Vertebrate Excretory Systems 213

Water Budget in Mammals 215

The Urinary System 216

The Physiology of the Kidney 217

Invertebrate Excretory Systems 219

Birds With Runny Noses 220

KEY TERMS Word Find 221

Living in Water, Living on Land

Objectives and Key Concepts 222

Managing Fluid Balance on Land 223

Osmoregulation in Water 225

Living at Altitude 226

Adaptations for Diving 227

Animal Skeletons 229

Swimming 230

Running 231

Flying 232

Muscle Structure and Function 233

Red and White Muscle 235

KEY TERMS Crossword 236

It's a Jungle Out There

Objectives and Key Concepts 237

The Variety of Plants 238

Alternation of Generations 239

Plant Propagation 241

Diversity in Leaf Structure 243

Xylem 245

Phloem 246

Diversity in Stem Structure 247

Leaf and Stem Adaptations 249

Adaptations of Xerophytes 251

Adaptations of Hydrophytes 252

Root Structure 253

Uptake at the Root 254

Transpiration 255

Translocation 257

Separating the Wood from the Trees 258

KEY TERMS Crossword 259

Spreading Your Seeds

Objectives and Key Concepts 260

A Most Accomplished Traveller 261

Insect Pollinated Flowers 262

Wind Pollinated Flowers 263

Pollination and Fertilisation 265

Fruits 266

Seed Structure and Germination 267

Seed Dispersal 268

Mangrove Adaptations 269

Part 4: ECOLOGY

Concept Map for Part 4. 270

Living With Others

Objectives and Key Concepts 271

Components of an Ecosystem 272

Habitat 273

Ecological Niche 274

Animal Adaptations 275

Ecological Niches 277

Features of Populations 278

Density and Distribution 279

Population Regulation 280

Population Age Structure 281

Population Growth 283

Survivorship Curves 284

Population Growth Curves 285

Growth in a Bacterial Population 286

r and K Selection 287

Stratification in a Forest 288

Zonation with Altitude 289

Shoreline Zonation 293

The Rise and Fall of Human Populations 294

KEY TERMS Mix and Match 295

The Hunters and the Hunted

Objectives and Key Concepts 296

The Darkest Depths 297

Food Chains 298

Constructing a Food Web 299

Energy Inputs and Outputs 301

Energy Flow in an Ecosystem 303

Ecological Pyramids 305

Species Interactions 307

Mutualism 309

Parasitism 310

Insectivorous Plants 311

Predator-Prey Interactions 312

Predator-Prey Strategies 313

Intraspecific Competition 315

Interspecific Competition 316

KEY TERMS Crossword 317

Managing in a Changing World

Objectives and Key Concepts 318

The Modern Atlantis? 319

Primary Succession 320

Secondary Succession 321

Physical Factors and Gradients 323

The Carbon Cycle 326

The Nitrogen Cycle 327

Nitrogen Pollution 329

Managing the Waikato River 331

Water Quality in the Rotorua Lakes 333

Monitoring Aquatic Ecosystems 335

Loss of Biodiversity 336

Global Warming 337

Climate Change and Biodiversity 339

Carbon Trading 341

Global Warming and NZ 342

Agriculture and Biodiversity 342

The Impact of Alien Species 344

Managing NZ’s Biodiversity 345

Species Recovery Plans 347

Protecting NZ’s Natural Heritage 349

Managing Forestry Resources 351

KEY TERMS Mix and Match 353


APPENDIX 354

INDEX 359