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ANIMAL
BIOLOGY |
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General
Sites for Animal Biology
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Anatomy & Physiology
interactive images ranging
from skull, vertebrae, heart, muscles, brain and cranial nerves to
histology, hand and thyroid.
Animalearn
The animalearn website is
a teacher-focused online resource for alternatives to dissection
and animal experimentation in the classroom.
Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy
lecture notes
Maintained by Gary Richardson
from the Eastern Kentucky University. Provides extensive lecture
notes on comparative vertebrate anatomy, including skeletal, muscle,
digestive, respiratory, circulatory, urogenital, and nervous systems.
Frog Dissection for Biology
110
This site contains a complete
overview and guide to Frog Dissection for Biology 110, from external
anatomy, urogential system through to cleanup procedure.
Froguts.com
Designed for the student,
this online frog dissection is definitely worth a look. Plus it also
has online quizzes and tests.
Introduction to Insect Anatomy
This website takes a comprehensive
look at insect anatomy, as well as insect identification, and taxonomy.
Well worth a look.
Insect Mouth Parts
This site contains many excellent
photographs and schematics of insect mouthparts, including chewing,
siphoning, combinations, piercing and sponging.
Insects on the Web
A very nice site produced and
maintained by Dexter Sear. Contains an excellent macrophotography
section, an area discussing insects role in human culture, useful
educational resource information and links to other sites of interest.
Human Physiology Lecture
notes
Maintained by Gary Richardson
from the Eastern Kentucky University. Lecture notes include: muscle,
nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory systems, and blood & body
defences.
Marching Through the Visible
Man
The National Library of Medicine
is creating a digital atlas of the human body. This project, called
the Visible Human, has already produced magnetic resonance imaging
and physical cross-sections of a human male cadaver.
Marching Through the Visible
Woman
Maintained by the National
Library of Medicine, make your own visible woman using the Visualization
Toolkit.
Netfrog
The interactive frog dissection
was designed for use in high school biology classrooms. It is a valuable
preparation tool or even a useful substitute for laboratory dissection.
The
Visible Human Project
The Visible Human Project
is creating complete, anatomically detailed, 3D representations of
the male and female human body using transverse CT, MRI and cryosection
images of representative male and female cadavers at 1mm intervals.
Virtual
Frog Dissection Kit Version 2.0
This interactive frog dissection
was designed for use in school biology classrooms as a useful preparation
tool or a substitute for laboratory dissection.
Web
Anatomy
An excellent interactive,
multiple choice study tool designed for students who want to learn
anatomy. You see a part of the human body labeled with numbers, choose
the correct answer from a list and your answers are checked immediately.
Zoolab
A series of excellent Flash animations of Zoology topics hosted by the Biological Science's faculty at the University of Alberta, including Fish Gill Models, Atrichial Sweat Gland, Life Cycle of Obelia, and many more.
Zoology Multimedia
A website for animal biology,
contains information on animal types, classification, tissue and
form & function. Hosted by the University of Wisconsin.
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Nutrition |
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Ask
the Dietitian
An excellent site dealing
with many aspects of nutrition, including vitamins, minerals, healthy
body weight, diabetes and more.
Constituents of Human Milk
Breastmilk is a complex fluid, rich in nutrients and in non-nutritional bioactive components. Knowledge of the composition of human milk and the factors that influence it has increased considerably over the past two decades. This web page briefly summarizes current understanding
Fundamentals
of Animal Nutrition
Provided by NEKTON This site
looks at the ways that the health and viability of an animal depend
on an adequate supply of nutrients i.e., substances like carbohydrates,
fats and proteins.
Human
Anatomy Online - Digestive system
One of 10 types of systems
on the site, this diagram shows parts of the digestive system, and
clicking on the small buttons will provide more information on the
chosen part.
Large
Intestine: Introduction and Index
An Introduction to the large
intestine. Includes microscopic and gross anatomy, absorption and
secretion, microbial fermentation, plus more.
Pathophysiology
of the Digestive System
An introduction to the human
digestive system. Then take a closer look at the structure and function
of the stomach, liver, pancreas and intestines. Also covers the digestive
physiology in different species.
The
Digestive System
Part of Estrella Mountain
Community College Online biology book. Covers the digestive systems
of different organisms, the various stages in the digestive process,
and the components of the digestive system.
The
Food Guide Pyramid
A guide to daily food choices.
The clickable pyramid provides you with examples of amounts and types
of food that create a balanced diet.
Structure
of the Pancreas
An introduction to the structure
, endocrine and exocrine of the pancreas.
Your
Digestive System and How It Works
Part of NIDDK website, a brief
introduction to the digestive system: how food is digested, absorption
and transport of nutrients, hormone regulators, and nerve regulators.
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Support
and Movement |
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Anatomy
of Skeletal Muscle
With use of photos this site
looks at what muscles are and the various types, how they function,
movement, mechanics of muscles. Sacomere structure, muscle contraction
and reflexes, fibre types, motor unit recruitment
Bone
and Joint Sources
Information on the skeleton,
including aspects of joint structure and function, trauma and injury,
oncology, and sports medicine.
Energy Systems: Part 1
Part of the Nutrition & Health
Online magazine. This is a brief introduction to the different energy
systems types involved in the body's production of energy.
Exercise Physiology
A detailed web site on exercise
physiology (including training and the heart, exercise, training
the skeletal muscles, VO2 max) plus much more.
Muscle
Spindle and Stretch Reflexes
Part of the GKT computer aided
learning website, this page contains information and diagrams on
muscle spindle structure, fibre response, stretch reflexes and more.
Muscle
Structure and Function
Covers aspects of muscle structure
and physiology. With the use of diagrams, this site looks at muscle
fiber types, muscle growth, and lactic acid.
Muscles
Part of Jim Kimball's extensive
website, this section looks at structure and function of smooth muscle,
cardiac muscle, the sliding-filament model, muscle diseases plus
more.
Sport Science: Energy
The Lucozade web site provides
fact sheets on a range of sports science, including energy, fluid
and exercise.
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Circulatory
System |
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Animal
Circulatory Systems
Containing several excellent
diagrams of fish, squid, frog and lizard heart systems, this site
gives clear information on multiple animal circulatory systems.
American
Heart Association
A directory site that directs
the user to web sites investigating aspects of heart physiology:
heart diseases and disorders, strokes, heart surgery, high blood
pressure, diet, exercise, and their effects on the cardiovascular
system.
Heart
Diseases
Part of the 'Health Square' website, this article gives excellent broad coverage of Heart Disease. Consisting of several pages and titled with headings such as 'What can go wrong' and 'How to stave off Disease', it provides an excellent introduction to the topic
How
the Heart Works
Uses great illustrations to
introduce us to the parts of the heart and how they function.
NOVA
Online: Cut to the Heart
This site looks at how the
heart works, how blood flows through the heart, has a photo gallery
of diseased hearts, and learn about the pioneers of heart surgery.
The
Circulatory System
Learn more about the various
types of circulatory systems, the cardiovascular system, the human
heart, the components of blood, and more.
The
Heart: A Virtual Exploration
Take a tour of the heart and
discover the complexities of its development and structure. Follow
the blood through the blood vessels and learn how to have a healthy
heart.
The
Matter of the Heart
A brief and easy to read site
about the structure and function of the heart. It also includes
links and a student's project.
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Neuroscience |
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Anatomy
of the Human Ear
An introduction to the anatomy
of the human ear. Also includes a presentation of how the ear works.
B-EYE:
See the world through the eyes of a honey bee
Observe a variety of images
and investigate how another organism perceives the world.
Basic
Neural Processes
Contains a collection of tutorials
on basic neural functions, including the structure of the brain,
and action potentials. Checks your answers as you progress through
the tutorial.
Cow's
Eye Dissection
A slide show to use in the
classroom which takes you through with step by step instructions
on how to dissect an eye.
Information
on Drugs of Abuse
The NIDA website provides
information on drug abuse and their effects on the human body. Includes
LSD, inhalants, heroin, marijuana, ecstasy, nicotine, steroids, and
more.
Neuroscience
for Kids
Created for students and teachers
wanting to learn more about the nervous system. Experiments and activities,
and teaching resources are available. Also has a section on the effects
of drug abuse on the nervous system.
Seeing,
Hearing, and Smelling the World
Coves the physiology of human
vision, hearing and smell, including how the sensory messages are
interpreted by the brain.
The
Effects of LSD on the Human Brain
This paper explores the link
between the world of neurons and neurotransmitters and the physiological
effects of LSD on the human brain.
The
Human Eye
A good site, explaining with
use of photos parts of the eye from rods, cones, lens and the retina
to how colour blindness occurs.
The
Secret Life of the Brain
Learn all about our brains
at different stages of our lives , from a baby's brain to an ageing
brain. Also contains a 3D anatomy, illusions of the brain, scanning
the brain and more.
Virtual
Tour of the Ear
Learn with the use of diagrams
the many parts that make up the ear, the peripheral hearing mechanism,
central auditory mechanism as well as disorders associated with the
ear.
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Gas
Exchange |
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- Asthma
- This site discusses the
description, causes, diagnosis and treatment of asthma and other
respiratory disorders. Well worth a look for a full coverage of
this topic.
- Gas
Exchange
- An animated diagram by the BBC showing the basics of gas exchange.
- Lesson
11 - The Respiratory System
- An introduction to the respiratory
system. At the end of each page is a quiz to test your self. Good
for those with no prior knowledge.
- Respiration
in Aquatic Insects
- Looks at the composition
water, and various adaptations of aquatic insects to alleviate
the potential problems of low oxygen availability.
- Respiratory
System: chpt 41
- These lecture notes written
in note form, include an introduction to respiratory systems, respiratory
surfaces (skin, gills, tracheal system, vertebrate lungs), respiratory
pigments, gas exchange and transport.
- The
Respiratory System
- Part of the Online biology
book, this chapter examines various methods of gas exchange in
different organisms, the human respiratory system, diseases of
the respiratory system, control of respiration, plus more.
- Tracheal
Breathing
- Uses photos and diagrams
to explore the nature of tracheal breathing in insects and other
invertebrates.
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Excretion |
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- Comparative Physiology of
Freshwater Vertebrate Kidneys
- A look at how the kidney
structure and function differs in different animals adapted to
different environments (i.e. freshwater, marine and terrestrial
habitats).
- Excretory
System
- Excellent site. Includes
regulation of Extracellular fluids, nitrogen wastes, water and
salt balance, excretory systems of invertebrates and vertebrates,
kidney function, plus more.
- The
Kidney
- This web page explores the
structure and function of the human kidneys. Includes: the structure
of the nephron, formation of the urine, tubular secretion, hormones
of the kidneys, plus more.
- Urinary
System
- Human Anatomy Online provides an interactive image of the urinary system, allowing users to click for more detailed information on the various components.
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Homeostasis |
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- BBC School -Homeostasis
- Learn all about homeostasis,
thermoregulation, osmoregulation, and glucoregulation. Includes
a glossary and a questions and answers section.
- Homeostasis
- Aimed at AS and A2 level,
provides lecture notes on Homeostasis as well as sample questions.
- Homeostasis: General Principles
- This web page gives an introduction
to what homeostasis is and how it is achieved.
- Homeostasis
Lecture Notes
- Based on lecture notes,
this site examines what is homeostasis, temperature regulation,
water and food regulation. Presented in note form.
- Physiological Homeostasis
- Written for the AP student,
learn about negative feedback control, water regulation, blood
sugar regulation and temperature regulation.
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- Thermoregulation
- Learn more on temperature
regulation, endothermy and homeothermy.
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Reproduction
and Development |
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- Amphibian
Embryology Tutorial
- This tutorial provides excellent
photographs and movies on cleavage, neurulation, fertilisation
and gastrulation in amphibians.
- Anatomical
Travelogue
- An excellent site detailing
human development , featuring the major sections of Fertilization
and Early Embryo, 3 to 8 weeks, Third Trimester and Birth.
- Asexual and Sexual Reproduction Notes
- Easy to read with good use of diagrams. Looks at asexual and sexual reproduction. Also investigates gestation, birth, lactation, contraception plus more.
- Asexual
Reproduction

- Asexual reproduction is
the formation of new individuals from the cell(s) of a single parent.
This part of Kimball's website discusses Budding, Fragmentation
and Parthenogenisis.
- Atlanta
Reproductive Health Center
- This site provides useful
overview of problems relating to reproduction, including: infertility,
ovulation and hormone problems, reproductive surgery, IVF, GIFT,
menopause, contraception, STD's, pregnancy, and childbirth.
- Developmental
Biology
- This interactive site at
The Biology Project, allows students to answer questions as they
progress through the tutorial. Also linked to other related
web sites.
- Dynamic
Development
- This is a modular resource
to facilitate learning in developmental biology. It covers: gametogenesis,
sperm and egg to embryo, genetic regulation of development, organising
the multicellular embryo, and generating cell diversity.
- Effects
of Drugs in Pregnancy
- A brief introduction to
the effects various drugs can have in pregnancy and on the newborn
child.
- Embryo
Images Online
- Embryo Images Normal and
Abnormal Mammalian Development is a tutorial that uses scanning
electron micrographs (SEMs) as the primary resource to teach mammalian
embryology. The majority of micrographs that are utilized in this
tutorial are of mouse embryos, the remainder are human.
- (NZ)
Family Planning Association

- Contact information for the
New Zealand FPA, this organisation works to promote a positive
view of sexuality and to enable people to make informed choices
about their sexual and reproductive health and well-being.
- Fertility
UK: Physiology
- Learn about the physiology
of the female fertility cycle as well as male physiology, and monitoring
these physiological changes.
- Hormones
of the Reproductive System
- This site, part of Kimball's
Biology Pages, looks at the hormones of the human reproductive
system: estrogen's and progesterone, and the role of hormones on
the menstrual cycle.
- Insect Hormones
- A look at the hormones involved
in metamorphosis.
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- Menstrual
Cycle and Pregnancy
- Although this site is based
on notes for a Dental physiology course, it provides a good overview
of the menstrual cycle, and summaries the actions of oestrogens
and progesterone.
- Reproduction:
Fact Index

- This web page is a series
of reproduction facts on sexual and asexual reproduction. Also
included are a variety of links, including: conjugation, self replication
and reproductive technology.
- Reproduction
in Animals

- Reproduction is the creation
of a new individual or individuals from previously existing individuals,
this page on the About website discusses asexual reproduction.
- UNSW
Embryology
- Part of the UNSW embryology
site this part details the Serial Sections Carnegie Stage 22 of
the human embryo, using data and images from the Kyoto Collection.
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